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Abstract
Gautam rishi’s earlier name was Deerghatama. This name he got because he remained blind for long time
(Deergha) blind (Tama) due to the curse given to him by his uncle and teacher of God Brihaspati. Later by
observing the fine ‘Govrata’ (serving the cows), he got the name ‘Gautama’. He donated the sperm to the
wife of famous demon king Bali due to infertility on the part of king Bali. That time it was a common
method adopted to treat male infertility. Bali’s wife Sudeshna had five sons from the sperm donation by
Deerghatama rishi. These five sons, created five states in ancient India and it were named after their names
viz. 1] Anga (modern day Bhagalpur Area in Bihar), 2] Vanga (Modern Day Bengal), 3] Kalinga (Modern
day Odisha), 4] Undra (Area in Modern Day Bengal) 5] Pundra (Area in Modern Day Bengal & Odisha).
Sage Gautama was instrumental in bringing the river Godavari on the earth to get rid of the draught in the
region. His famous cursed wife ‘Ahilya’ was extricated by lord Rama. Gautama’s grandson Krupacharya
trained Kauravas and Pandavas in archery whereas his granddaughter Krupi was married to famous teacher
Dronacharya. Sage Gautama was present in the ancient conclave of rishis held below mountain Himalaya
to discuss the management of diseases occurred on account of consuming domestic food as mentioned in
Charaka Samhita. All the rishis present there learnt Ayurveda from sage Bhardwaja. Hence, it can be
concluded that sage Gautama may also have contributed in further development of Ayurveda.
Keywords – Godavari, Ahilya, Deerghatama
P
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ROGANIDAN VIKRUTIVIGYAN PG ASSOCIATION
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Dr. Subhash Waghe
Article Info: Published on : 15/01/2026
Impact Factor : 1.013
An Introduction To Charak Samhitokta Rishi Gautama and Evaluation of His
Contribution To Ayurveda
Prof. Dr. Subhash Waghe
1
1
HOD – Dept. of Roga Nidana & Vikruti Vigyana SAM College of Ayurvedic Sciences , Raisen – 464 551 (MP)
Cite this article as: - Dr. Subhash Waghe (2026) ; An Introduction To Charak Samhitokta Rishi Gautama and Evaluation of His
Contribution To Ayurveda;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (2) 65-72 , DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 3 4 9
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Introduction :
Sage Gautama was present in the ancient conclave
of rishis held below mountain Himalaya to discuss
the management of diseases occurred on account of
consuming domestic food as mentioned in Charaka
Samhita.
[1]
Sage Gautama’s earlier name was
‘Deerghatama’. He was the son of Aushij who was
the brother Devaguru Brihaspati. He was born blind
and remained in that state for long time. His eyes
were revived by Nandi. He was married to ‘Ahilya’
the daughter of Kanva rishi. His wife Ahilya was
deceptively raped by God King Indra. Sage
Deerghatama donated the sperm to the wife called
‘Sudeshna’ of famous demon king Bali. Out of this
donation, Sudeshna gave birth to five famous sons
who created famous five states of ancient India;
viz. 1] Anga (modern day Bhagalpur Area in
Bihar), 2] Vanga (Modern Day Bengal), 3] Kalinga
(Modern day Odisha), 4] Undra (Area in Modern
Day Bengal) 5] Pundra (Area in Modern Day
Bengal & Odisha). Sage Gautama was instrumental
in bringing the river Godavari on the earth to get rid
of the draught in the region. His famous cursed
wife ‘Ahilya’ was extricated by lord Rama.
Gautama’s grandson Krupacharya trained Kauravas
and Pandavas in archery whereas his granddaughter
Krupi was married to famous teacher of Kauravas
and Pandavas called ‘ Dronacharya’.
Material & Method :
Literary method of research is followed in this
article. All the available Ayurvedic and Indological
literature is explored to find the maximum
information about the sage Gautama.
Review Of Literature :
Birth of Gautama And Name as Deerghatama :
It is already stated that Brihaspati’s brother was
sage Ashija. When Ashija’s wife Mamta became
pregnant, sage Ashija went to observe austerity.
Taking benefit of this opportunity, Devaguru
Brihaspati (God’s preacher) approached already
pregnant Mamata for sexual gratification. Mamata
tried to dissuade him from this Adharma by saying
that it will be sinful to perform sex in such
condition when he foetus inside had completed the
maturity. And your semen will also bear fruit
instantly. But derived by the strong urge of sex,
Brihaspati ignored her advice saying that he knows
everything and forcibly raped his brother’s wife
Mamta. The foetus inside the uterus became
uncomfortable with this forced sex and tried to
narrow the vaginal tract. Brihaspati got angry with
this and cursed the foetus inside to suffer with
longtime blindness for interrupting him during
sexual pleasure. Hence, the foetus was born blind
and to be remained blind for long time due to curse.
Hence, he got the name ‘Deerghatama’.
[2] [3] [4]
Punishment To Deerghatama & Rescue by King
Bali :
Once upon a time Deerghatama forcibly raped the
wife of his younger brother Autithya under the
influence of lust. His son rishi Shardwan got very
angry to see this sinful act of Deerghatama. He not
only abused Deerghatama but also caught hold of
him and put him in the wooden box and then glided
it into river Ganga to be flown away into the ocean.
After a week’s time when the box was sinking near
ocean, the King Bali who was roaming alongside,
saw it and rescued Deerghatama and brough him to
his home.
[5] [6]
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Boon to Bali in the form of Progeny :
After reaching home king Bali offered Deerghtama
food, fruit and several other things. Rishi
Deerghatama became very pleased due to the
service and hospitality given by king Bali and told
him to ask for the boon. Virochan’s son King Bali
requested rishi Deerghatama to donate his sperm to
his wife as he was childless due to infertility.
Accordingly, rishi Deerghatama donated the sperm
through the intercourse to the wife called Sudeshna
of king Bali. Later, Sudeshna gave birth to the five
sons namely 1] Anga, 2] Vanga, 3] Kainga, 4]
Undra and 5] Pundra. These all five sons
established their princely states later.
[7] [8]
Getting the name as Gautama :
Lord Rudra’s carrier the Nandi became very
impressed with the ‘Go-Vrata’ observed by the
rishi Deerghatama and blessed him with eyesight
and removed his long-standing blindness. He also
made him young and free from the curse of death.
Since the rishi Deerghatama, became young and
eyesight full with the blessing of ‘Gau’ (cow), he
came to know as ‘Gautama’.
[9] [10]
Marriage of Gautama :
Kanva muni’s beautiful and multitalented daughter
was ‘Ahilya’. Kanva gave this Ahilya to sage
Gautama for up bringing and told that when she
will get adulthood, he should return the girl back to
him. Kanva was worried for her safety as all Gods,
rishis, Gandharvas had approached sage Kanva for
her marriage with them. Later Kanva tested
everyone and found Gautam as the only suitable
man for marrying with Ahilya and accordingly, he
gave his daughter to Gautama. Sage Kanva gave
the hermitage built over mountain Bramhagiri to
reside to the sage Gautama. (near present day
Nashik city, state of Maharashtra, India)
[11]
Progeny of Gautama :
Gautama (Shardwat) had son called Shardwan from
the wife Ahilya. This Ahilya was the sister of
Rajarshi Divodasa in the lineage of Mudgala.
Shardwan’s son was ‘Satyadhruti’. Satyadhruti’s
had heterozygous twins from celestial nymph
Janpadi. The twins were left by the mother on the
dried grass. King Shantanu of Hastinapur
mercifully (Krupapurvak) brought these twins in
the palace. Hence, they got the names ‘Krupa’ and
‘Krupi’ respectively. ‘Kripacharya’ taught archery
to Kauravas and Pandavas. Shardwan’s daughter
‘Krupi’ was married to Dronacharya. She had son
called ‘Ashwathama’ from Dronacharya.
[12] [13]
From the wife named Sudeshna of Bali, sage
Gautama had five sons namely 1] Anga, 2] Vanga,
3] Kainga, 4] Undra and 5] Pundra. From the maid
of Sudeshna, he had son called Kukshiwan. This
Kukshiwan fathered 1000 black-coloured children
who were called as Krishna Gautamas.
Life At Bramhagiri And Plot by Bramhins :
Gautama was living very happily with his wife
Ahilya. They were progressing with the cows and
agriculture. Gautama was gaining high status with
his penance. Looking at the social status of Ahilya,
the wives of other rishis use to envoy her. To show
her down they requested their respective husbands
to make plot against sage Gautama. The rishis tried
to dissuade their wives from this evil deed but later
became helpless before their stubborn attitude.
Accordingly, they put the ill and old cow in front of
the house of sage Gautama so that when Gautama
touched her, she died immediately. Other rishis
they put the blame of killing the cow on Gautama
and ensured his ouster from the community.
[14]
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Bringing the Ganga as river Godavari :
Because of false blame on the innocent Gautama
rishi, severe draught prevailed in the area. Looking
at the draught in the region and sufferings of the
common people, sage Gautama decided to bring
river Ganga to that region. Sage Gautama went to
Kailasha the abode of lord Shiva and praised him
lot. Pleased with the praising rhymes of sage
Gautama granted boon to the Gautama. Sage
Gautam asked lord Shiva to send the branch of
river Ganga to the mountain peak of Bramhagiri
(present day Tryambakeshwara , Nashik, state of
Maharashtra, India). Lord Shiva agreed and sent
one branch of river Ganga on Brmhagiri mountain.
This river later came to know as Gautami Godavari.
It is very sacred.
[15]
Yogasadhana with son Kukshiwana and End of
sage Gautama :
Rishi Deerghatama also had the son called
‘Kukshiwan’ from the maid of Sudeshna. Rishi
Deerghatama asked Kushiwan to observe the great
austerity. Kukshiwan followed the father’s order
and attained Bramhanatva. He produced thousands
of black sons which are referred as ‘ Gautama
Gotreeya’. Rishi Gautama (Deerghatama) also
done the Yoga Sadhana and attained the Bramha
Pada (Bramharishi). After this, both father and son
left this material world.
[16] [176]
Advise to Shukracharya to make Shiva as
Teacher :
On knowing that, Bramharishi Angira is doing
partiality with Kavi (Shukracharya, the son of
illustrated Bramharishi ‘Bhrigu’) in delivering the
knowledge, Gautama advised Shukra the son of
Bhrigu rishi to approach the lord Shankara for
making him the teacher. He suggested him to take a
holy bath in river Godavari and please lord
Shankara with pleasing rhymes. Accordingly, he
pleased lord Shiva and received rare ‘Mrit
Sanjivani Vidya’ from lord Shankara.
[18]
Gautama Chief Priest of King Bharata :
King Bharata organized the Ashwamedh Yagya and
appointed rishi Deerghatama as chief priest for
accomplishing it. From insertion of river Ganges
/Gangasagar (present day Kolkatta - Bengal) to
origin of Ganga at Gangotri (present day
Uttarkhand) king Bharata conducted 55 Yagyas.
Similarly, he also conducted 78 Yagyas from
insertion of Yamuna at Prayag (present day Uttar
Pradesh) to origin of Yamuna at Yamunotri
(present day Uttarkhand). In these Yagyas, King
Bharata the son of Dushyanta expended heavily. He
gave huge donations of 13084 cows to each
participating Bramhin. He also donated gold
decorated 14 lacs elephants. King Bharata ruled for
years and defeated Bramhin haters like Kirats
Huns, Yavanas, Andhras, Kankas, Khashas,
Shakas, Mlenchhas. He also rescued Devanganas
(God girls) from the captivity of demons in the
Rasatala (Patala).
[19]
Curse to Wife Ahilya & Extrication :
God king Indra, lured the wife of Gautam in his
absence and cohabited with her. By that time sage
Gautama came home back and caught them red
handed. Furious to see wife Ahilya committing
adultery in his absence he cursed Ahilya to become
motionless like stone till the lord Shri Rama arrives
the hermitage. Only after that she will be extricated
from her sin and come back to him. He also cursed
Indra to become devoid of scrotum with thousand
vagina like scar on this body. However, Indra
begged pardon and became free of curse by taking
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holy bath in river Godavari. Ahilya also got free of
curse when lord Shri Rama visited her hermitage
while on the way to Mithila along with sage
Vishwamitra.
[20]
Order to Kill Wife Ahilya & Repentance :
One of the sons of sage Gautam was ‘Chirkari’. He
got this name because he uses to delay every work.
Once, on knowing the adultery committed by his
wife Ahilya with God king Indra, sage Gautama
ordered her killing to his son Chirkari and went
away in forest to observe the penance. In the forest,
sage Gautama realized about the innocence of his
wife and was worried about the wellbeing of his
wife and hurriedly came to home to see whether
Chirkari had killed her on his order. On the other
side Chirakri as per his name, took long to take
decision. He was confused whether to follow the
order of the father or prohibit killing of mother.
Hence, he did not kill her. By that time sage
Gautama arrived at home and took deep sigh of
relief to see his wife alive.
[21]
Hermitage of Gautama :
Sage Gautama’s Ashrama (Hermitage) was on
Pariyatra mountain. For many years sage Gautama
observed penance there. Once, lokapal Yama
appeared there and discussed about the duties of the
king with sage Gautama.
[22]
Contribution To Ayurveda:
Rishi Gautama was present in the ancient conclave
of rishis held below mountain Himalaya to discuss
the management of diseases occurred on account
of consuming domestic food as mentioned in
Charaka Samhita. All the rishis present there
learnt Ayurveda from sage Bhardwaja. Hence, it
can be concluded that sage Gautama may also
have contributed in further development of
Ayurveda. In the Madhukosh commentary on
‘Madhav Nidana’, we find the reference of
Gautama wherein acharya Gautama stated the five
types of Kaphas and their functions. As per acharya
Gautama, Kapha is of five types. The Kapha
situated in chest is called as the ‘Avalambak
Kapha. It provides nutrition to all rest of the
Kaphas. The Kapha present in stomach is called as
‘Kledak Kapha’. It liquifies the diet. The ‘Bodhak
Kapha’ is situated in mouth. It senses the taste of
the food. The Kapha present in head, is called as
‘Tarpak Kapha’. It provides nutrition to the brain.
The Kapha present in joints is called as ‘Shleshak
Kapha’. It provides lubrication to the joints and
also act as cementing material for the joints.
[23]
Observations :
Gautama In Nutshell :
1
Father
Aushinaj
2
Mother
Mamta
3
Earlier Name
Deerghatama
4
Transformed
Name
Gautama
5
Spouse
Ahilya
6
Children
Shatanik
7
Grandchildren
Krupacharya and
Krupi
8
Donated
children
Anga, Vanga,
Kaling, Pundra,
Undra
9
Lineage
Angira Gotri
10
Important
work
Brought river
Godavari on earth
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Discussion :
Though sage Gautama was born blind but with his
penance and cow service, he overcame the physical
handicap Ness and gave meaning to his life.
Gautama had to face lot of hardship in life on
account of jealous feeling by other Bramhins. Even
though he faced hardship, he brought river
Godavari on earth to overcome the prevailing
draught in the region. This shows his kind
heartedness. Even though God king Indra raped his
wife by deception, he forgave Indra. This shows his
forgiveness. He properly guided Shukracharya to
take education from lord Shiva. This shows his true
path guiding nature. He returned the girl Ahilya to
her father Kanva muni on attaining the younghood.
This shows his word keeping and honest nature. He
donated the sperms to king Bali’s wife. He fathered
brilliant sons. With his enduring penance, he
achieved the rare feat of ‘Bramaharshi’ post.
Ultimately, he concentrated his mind in Yoga. His
presence in the conclave of rishis to discuss
management of diseases, shows his interest in
medical science and caring approach towards
mankind. Although no concrete evidence of any
medical literature attributed to Gautam is found
presently, but as he was present in the assembly of
rishis and learnt Ayurveda from Bhardwaj rishi, he
may have contributed in the development of
Ayurveda.
Conclusion :
Rishi Gautama was present in the ancient conclave
of rishis held below mountain Himalaya to discuss
the management of diseases occurred on account
of consuming domestic food as mentioned in
Charaka Samhita. All the rishis present there
learnt Ayurveda from sage Bhardwaja. Hence, it
can be concluded that sage Gautama may also
have contributed in further development of
Ayurveda. Secondly acharya Gautama had
mentioned five types of Kaphas and their
functions. Hence, it can be concluded that acharya
Gautama may have contributed in the development
of Ayurveda as a medical science although we do
not get the full version of his treatise today.
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Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 3 4 9
Dr. Subhash Waghe
Inter. J.Digno. and Research
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